Cat allergy is an overreaction to the immune system that affects approximately 2.5% of the population. Contrary to popular belief, it is not the animal's hair that causes the allergy, but a specific protein (Fel d1) found in the saliva, skin, and urine of cats. This protein binds to the hair and can cause allergic reactions even without direct contact with the animal. Let's discover together how this allergy manifests itself, how it is diagnosed, and the solutions for managing it.
Symptoms of Cat Allergy
Symptoms can manifest differently in each individual, but the most common include:
- Frequent sneezing
- Nasal congestion
- Itching of the eyes, nose and throat
- Red and watery eyes
- Asthma attacks, coughing or shortness of breath
- Skin rash or hives
These symptoms usually occur when there is direct contact with a cat or objects contaminated by allergens (clothing, cushions, etc.).
How to diagnose a cat allergy?
To confirm a cat allergy, it is necessary to consult a doctor or an allergist who can carry out various tests:
- Skin test : Extracts of allergens are applied to the skin. A reaction indicates an allergy.
- Blood test : This test measures the level of antibodies in the blood against the Fel d1 protein.
- Avoidance : Avoiding contact with cats for a period of time can help confirm the allergy if symptoms resolve.
Managing Cat Allergies: Solutions and Treatments
Cat allergy management can vary depending on the severity of symptoms:
- Avoid contact : The simplest option is to limit exposure to cats as much as possible.
- Medications : Antihistamines or corticosteroids may be prescribed to relieve symptoms.
- Desensitization : This treatment involves gradually exposing the person to small doses of allergens to reduce the allergic reaction. This process can take several months or even years.
- Hygiene : Wiping your cat's fur with a damp cloth, regularly cleaning surfaces, and ventilating rooms can help reduce the presence of allergens in the environment.
Hypoallergenic Cats: Myth or Reality?
Although there is no such thing as a completely hypoallergenic cat, some breeds produce less Fel d1 protein, thus reducing the risk of an allergic reaction. These include:
- The Sphynx : Its lack of hair reduces the amount of allergens present in the environment.
- The Siberian : This breed is known to produce less Fel d1.
- The Devon Rex and Cornish Rex : Their unique curly coat may be less allergenic for some people.
Conclusion
Cat allergies are a common condition, but they can be managed with appropriate treatment and a few precautions. For allergy sufferers who still want to share their lives with a feline, certain hypoallergenic cat breeds may offer a solution. However, it's always important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and advice tailored to your situation.